Essay on Cloud Computing Physical System

Question: Portray about the Essay on Cloud Computing for Physical System. Answer: Presentation: An exceptionally new pattern in the IT is the Cloud Computing. Distributed computing is essentially an innovation that is utilized for evaluation of different administrations over the web. The individuals are allowed to get to their records from anyplace with the assistance of distributed computing. A significant effect has been made by the distributed computing on the ways by which the applications are run and put away. The joint efforts of the groups have been gotten all the more simple with the assistance of distributed computing. These are fundamentally the information and the applications that can be gotten to through different servers around the globe that are known as mists and that can be reached whenever. 1: The distributed computing has affected the organizations to a huge degree since the most recent couple of decades by making it simpler for the corporate to get to their records anyplace and whenever. The virtualization is made one stride ahead by the assistance of the distributed computing. The distributed computing makes it simple to run various working frameworks on a solitary physical framework. The corporate and the individual world have changed a great deal with the assistance of the distributed computing. 2: The biggest effect of the distributed computing is on the IT framework. It is troublesome and expensive to keep up a conventional IT condition as it requires purchasing different servers and equipment, execution of the framework and establishment of the product. The distributed computing is starting to make genuine advances in to changing the manners by which the web IT shops work. The critical changes in the IT scene are the players. During the underlying years distributed computing was alluded to as server farm lodging that had an immediate association with the client however now there is rapid web based VPN and much enhancements in the facilitating innovations that has prompted emotional cost decrease in all cases. (C, 2016)The scene offering the distributed computing administrations are not restricted to the IBM, EDS Perot, CSC and ACS. There are a few different players who are offering the distributed computing administrations that incorporate the Google, Amazon and so forth. 3: Though distributed computing has demonstrated out to be worthwhile for the business however it isn't liberated from the dangers and the dangers. A portion of the dangers and the dangers related with the distributed computing are: Meeting Riding: Under this an aggressor takes the treats of the client to utilize the application for the sake of the client. The assailant can accomplish different things by sending various solicitations to the client. Virtual machine escape: There are different virtual machines run on the physical server in the virtualized condition. The hyper vision can be assaulted by the aggressor remotely by the utilization of powerlessness that is available in the hypervisor.(Lukan, 2014) Accessibility and unwavering quality of administration: it is normal that the cloud administrations are consistently accessible when the client needs them however this isn't the situation in every case particularly in the awful climate when there is parcel of lightning. The CSPs have continuous force supplies. Information security and conveyability: the issues of information development and cancellation should be managed while moving and deciding for the distributed computing. The old CSP erases all the information that is put away in the server farm so information isn't left lying afterwards.(Potey, 2013) 4: The dangers that are related with the cloud administrations are less serious however are a lot of harming. These dangers can be limited by the accompanying ways: 5: Implementing the basic projections that incorporate the restriction of sharing the record accreditations between the clients regardless of how believed the colleague is. The client will perform powerful due persistence while exploring for the cloud specialist organization. The security history of the CSP will be checked on well ahead of time by the client. There will be the usage of the single sign on in an association. The client will work in the combination with the master so the cloud security is guaranteed on customary premise; the master will be either the specialist of the business or can play out the outsider audits.(Parms, 2016) There will be execution of the start to finish encryption. It will be made guaranteed that the arrangements are accessible for the encoded information in transit.(Calyptix, 2016) The frameworks that are being utilized will be state-of-the-art and there will be in-house applications. The activity of the CSP is unthinkable on the off chance that it needs to help out dated programming with the realized security dangers. End: This incorporates answer 6, 7 and 8 The distributed computing has been turning out to be famous progressively. There are different industry pioneers like Google, Microsoft and IBM that are in constant advancement of the distributed computing and have increased a ton of clients. Still there are numerous individuals who are looking into about the distributed computing and feeling disquiet to relocate themselves to distributed computing. (Bernard, 2009)There are numerous advantages related with the relocation towards the distributed computing if there is alert and open eyes at the removal of the client. The client will undoubtedly focus on the paid estimates that can be attempted with the goal that the malignant assaults can be forestalled at the different stages that incorporates the systems administration, transmission, application security, stockpiling and the client get to. In any case, the truth of the matter is that there are dangers related in the IT segment climate the client deals with the IT in house or remotely . Despite the fact that it has been demonstrated that the distributed computing is extremely profitable for the organizations in the coming future because of its quick and solid applications. On the off chance that different measures are taken by the clients already than the distributed computing can demonstrate out to be a gift for an organization.(Forrester., 2008) List of sources Bernard, G. (2009). Distributed computing: What Clayton Christensen Can Teach Us. Recovered October 6, 2016, from https://www.cio.com/article/476362/Cloud_Computing_What_Clayton_Christensen_Can_Teach_Us C, M. (2016). Cloud Technologies are Changing the IT Landscape. The ServerSide . Calyptix. (2016, March 17). Top 5 Risks of Cloud Computing. Calyptix Blog . Forrester. (2008). Is Cloud Computing Ready For The Enterprise? Recovered October 6, 2016, from https://www.forrester.com/rb/Research/is_cloud_computing_ready_for_enterprise/q/id/44229/t/2. Lukan, D. (2014, November 21). The top distributed computing dangers and vulnerabilities in a venture situation. Security, Vulnerabilities . Parms, J. (2016). Step by step instructions to moderate your distributed computing dangers. Potey, M. (2013). Distributed computing Understanding Risk, Threats,. Universal Journal of Computer Applications , 67.

Week2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week2 - Essay Example While the facts demonstrate that MNEs and IGOs are assuming an exponentially expanding job all inclusive, it can't be acknowledged that they â€Å"are superseding,- - customary country states as the essential financial and political units of world society† (Author, 3). States despite everything hold their jobs, and secure their personal circumstances: China’s swapping scale arrangement epitomizes the intensity of the country state. Once more, especially in vote based systems, discretionary issues and vote-bank governmental issues regularly supersede worldwide impulses. The skeptic’s stand that â€Å"globalization is a myth† (Michael, 4) is similarly unreasonably outrageous for my reasoning. Cynics liken globalization with â€Å"a splendidly incorporated overall economy† (Author, 5). Be that as it may, globalization isn't simply a question of financial aspects, yet additionally interconnectedness in the circles of science, medication, expressions and helpful government assistance. Local and nearby force places are a lot of a piece of the worldwide structure, yet these exchanging alliances and country states are unquestionably not safe to global weights. Once more, the worldwide weight effectively applied on China on account of the extremist, Chen Guangcheng, shows this point. The transformationalist approach, which finds some kind of harmony between the hyperglobalist and incredulous schools, claims to me. It acknowledges that â€Å"globalization is a focal main thrust behind the quick social, political and financial changes that are reshaping current social orders and world order† (Author, 7). It presents that there is up 'til now no â€Å"borderless economy† (Author, 3). Simultaneously, it surrenders that global organizations can't dodge national guidelines. It bolsters my stand that the world isn't yet completely partitioned nor completely coordinated. Chiefly because of mechanical advances, the effect of any occasion is felt on life in all pieces of the globe. While the world has not yet become â€Å"a shared social space† (Michael, 3), it is constantly being changed and

Motivation of Your Employees

Motivation of Your Employees One of the key objectives that should feature in any business and organizational plan is motivation of one’s employees. It goes without saying that a motivated workforce is a more creative and productive one. Innovation is necessary to produce quality work. Only driven employees would put in the effort to find better methods to deliver quality output in the most efficient manner possible. The more engaged and motivated your employees are, the more it helps with reducing turnover. Those who frequently look out for better opportunities may be the ones with great potential while the ones who stay on could be just settling for their circumstances.Is the current global workforce as motivated as it should be? And if it isn’t, what is the best way to improve the situation, starting with your company? © Shutterstock.com | BoBaa22This article will take you through 1) eye-opening employee engagement statistics, 2) 7 key reasons why employees feel de-motivated,  3) motivation strategies differ for each  worker, and  4) the best ways to motivate employees.EYE-OPENING EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT STATISTICSWhat follows are some eye-opening (and startling) employee engagement statistics:Only 30 percent of employees worldwide feel inspired and engaged by their careersClose to half (48%) of employees across the globe detest their jobs18 percent of employees globally are actively disengaged meaning though they are present at work, they hate it completelyHighly engaged employees were 87 percent less likely to leave their companies than their disengaged counterparts3 out of every 4 people who leave their jobs of their own will, aren’t quitting their jobs but their bossesLess than half of the workforce (40 percent) were aware of their company’s goals, tactics and strategiesOrganizations with grea tly engaged employees accomplish double the annual net income of those whose employees are not so well engaged (as per an analysis of 64 organizations)7 KEY REASONS WHY EMPLOYEES FEEL DE-MOTIVATED © Flickr | Mike LewisHere’s a look at some of the chief triggers for employee de-motivation:1. No Recognition or Feeling of ValueWhen employees are not recognized or given credit for a job very well done or immense efforts they have put in towards a project, they become demotivated. They lose interest and may not even want to try thinking innovatively, get some extra work done or even just perform their role with feelings of obligation and energy because their boss doesn’t seem to care or notice their hard work and dedication.2. Unrealistic Demands or Work LoadWith the idea of getting a lot of work done and fast, ambitious bosses may place heavy and unrealistic workloads upon the shoulders of their employees. Though holding staff to high standards is not really a bad thing, it does become bad when managers cross the line by being too demanding or overburdening with them. Asking employees to carry out the truly impossible, or insisting that they complete projects over the weekend s even when they’re not time-sensitive would invite low morale and decreased productivity from them.3. MicromanagementMicromanagement may be defined as a management style characterized by the manager closely (excessively) observing and supervising the work of his employees or subordinates. The manager may not mean any harm by his micromanagement however it can be irritating and bothersome to his employees. The reason is that it tells them he doesn’t trust their judgement and thereby contributes to a loss of motivation. The employees disengaged by the micromanagement may leave for the sake of more freedom or, if the manager is lucky, continue to stay but just muddle through.4. Job InsecurityAs per a survey by Human Resource Services Inc, job security is the most important factor for employee motivation. So this means, insecurity in the job place can wreak havoc when it comes to employee retention. If an employee is at an expendable job or working in an unstable company, he may ju st put in the necessary effort to keep getting his salary. The rest of his energy will be spent on updating his resume, gossiping with co-workers, looking for a more stable job elsewhere and planning his jump.5. No ProgressThe majority of employees feel happy when there is continuing learning potential in their company and they have a feeling of growing in their knowledge and skills. Even progress in the form of small workplace accomplishments are triggers for motivation. If on the other hand, employees feel uninspired and stagnant, their enthusiasm and engagement will drop. In addition, if an employee is trying to introduce a new idea or change and it has to pass through lots of red tape, he’s going to lose all the fervor and drive he began with.6. Conflicting or Otherwise Unpleasant Co-WorkersResearch from Gallup reveals that close friendships at work cause a 50 percent increase in employee satisfaction while having a close friend at work increased the likelihood of engagement i n work by seven times. So, one can just imagine what would be the outcome of having bullying, intimidating or otherwise unpleasant or conflicting co-workers. Even if the job is well-paying and offers opportunities for career growth, if there are back-stabbers, the result would be misery and stress.7. BoredomResearch time and again shows that Gen X (roughly people born in the period from the mid 1960’s to 1980) and Gen Y (roughly people born in the period between 1980 and the year 2000) employees today long for a job that is personally satisfying or allows them to apply their personal interests in their job. According to a Philips Work/Life Survey, close to 3 out of every 4 (68 percent) working Americans are willing to accept a salary cut in the midst of a competitive job market and chaotic economy as long as their job enables them to incorporate their personal interests into it. The results of a recent LinkedIn poll support the increasing yearning for fulfillment among the people of different geographies and age groups.MOTIVATION STRATEGIES DIFFER  FOR EACH WORKERThe level of employee engagement can differ based on variables such as occupation or industry or more personal characteristics such as an employee’s education level, age, gender and duration of service at the company. So, managers face the challenge of matching their workers with the right motivation strategy. Given below are a few of the conclusions drawn from studies Gallup conducted in the period between 2010 and 2012 with different sections of the U.S. population:Employees in possession of a college degree have engagement levels that are lower than those seen among employees in possession of a high school diploma or even less than that. This indicates that managers need to improve on their investment in the employees with higher degrees by identifying ways by which they can capitalize on and honor all that they have achieved.Employees in production and manufacturing are among those business se ctor employees who are the least engaged. The reason could be that the management culture in these sectors concentrates more on process than on people. So, if some more management culture could be devoted to people with respect to these industries, considerable benefit in employee motivation and engagement can be expected.The job-hopping tendency is particularly common among millennials (Gen Y). As such, it would be wise if the manager offered this group lots of opportunities to learn and progress. This would contribute to increased retention of the millennial generation.When compared to other generations, Baby Boomers (those people born in the period between 1946 and 1964) respond better when their managers devote extra effort to showing they care. So to optimize engagement of baby boomer employees, managers may do well to show interest in them by inquiring about their work or other key areas of their life.Bob Nelson: Employee Motivation, Reward, Retention and Recognition Expert, K eynote Speaker THE BEST WAYS TO MOTIVATE EMPLOYEESThe best methods of motivating employees may be grouped into six sections, each of which are described in detail in the ensuing paragraphs.1. Effective CommunicationThere are two key aspects to effective communication for employee motivation,  Communication of information that affects an employee’s workThis is essential and would make the employee feel that he belongs to the  in-crowd (people who are aware of the happenings at work the moment their colleagues become aware of it). Make it a point to keep your employees  up-to-date on things like customer feedback, changing due dates, product improvements, new interaction structures or departmental reporting, and training opportunities. By doing so, your employees would be able to make better decisions about their work as and when there are changes. A good rule to follow would be to share more than you consider necessary, at least till you get the hang of it. If there are employees w ho would be particularly affected by one or more changes, spend additional time communicating with them in terms of how the change would affect their decisions, job, time allocation and goals.More attention and an open-door policy As per information from a 2012 Global Workforce Study, when compared to immediate supervisors, senior managers had a greater role in attracting discretionary effort from employees. The study incorporated close to 90,000 staff from 18 countries. So, it shows that if an employee gets to spend extra time with his boss, he would feel rewarded by the attention.It is a good idea to initiate an open-door policy so that employees can feel free to share their legitimate ideas, concerns or complaints with their manager(s). Even if an idea cannot be implemented or a particular complaint or concern cannot be resolved wholly to the employee’s expectation, the employee would appreciate the fact that it was looked into or addressed by the management.Show interest in th e employee’s life events by asking about vacation trips, congratulating on a baby’s arrival and things like that.2. AppreciationEmployees deliver parts of the overall picture and every part is important. So, appreciation of hard work and projects delivered extremely well will make employees feel good about themselves and also valued, while giving them the drive to keep putting in their best. It is good to recognize individual employees as well as show appreciation for all employees as a group when their team effort resulted in some accomplishment. Just a few minutes of recognition can create a great change in an employee’s attitude to work.Individual RecognitionIf a particular employee has accomplished something really exceptional, his manager caninvite the employee into his office and personally commend him for the good job, or,send him an email of appreciation or,praise him with a public announcement or,post the employees achievement on the bulletin board.Group RecognitionHe re are two ways to show appreciation for the dedication and solid work contributed by the company’s employees as a group:Once in a week, employees can be sent emails, newsletters or updates that let them know their hard work is bearing fruit.A meeting can be held which incorporates talk about how employee efforts are helping the company achieve its goals.It is okay to be open with employees about room for improvement in their work. However, ideally, it is good to provide employees with more praise than negative feedback.3. Rewarding Your EmployeesRewarding your employees is a great way to show them just how happy you are with their dedication, impressive behavior (with a customer or client) and outstanding efforts. While on the one hand, an effective reward system will make your employees feel on top of this world, on the other hand, it is also a tool by which you can make known the behaviors or actions which you repeatedly expect from your employees. So a suggestion would be to s et aside a certain kind of reward or recognition that comes with specific information about the requirements (or targets) to be achieved to get that reward or recognition. Only a person who performs at the standard or level described in the qualifying criteria would get the reward.Given below are some ideas for monetary and non-monetary rewards.Monetary rewardsFree lunch/dinner for just the employee or for him and his better half too,Sponsored car wash and a tank of full serve gas,Tickets to a popular sports event.Non-monetary rewardsAllowing the employee to work from home for a day,Letting him come in casual dress on a specific day,A plum assignment â€" let your employee choose the assignment he can work on next,A vacation day,Another suggestion is to personalize the rewards by thinking about what kind of reward would make a particular employee most happy.4. Realistic Work LoadThe workload for each employee should be balanced and realistic. Too much on an employee’s plate can dem otivate him and too little can make him lazy and/or result in attention lapses. To come up with a suitable workload, it would help to analyze how much work an employee usually performs, the work environment, mental and physical requirements for the job and how much time is there on hand to get the work done. Deadlines should be practical too. One can consider encouraging employees to be open about when they feel their workloads are too much for them to bear so that the workloads can be adjusted accordingly.Apart from the quantity of work, it would be ideal if employees get projects that incorporate aspects of personal interest to them. According to a Philips Work/Life Survey, close to half of the American population (47 percent) claims that the motivation for coming to their present job is the ability to live their passions and this shows in their work.5. A Pleasant Work EnvironmentAs employees spend a fair amount of their day within the walls of their office, it would really be wor th it to make the office look and feel as welcoming and comfortable as possible. When employees feel happy in their work environment, they feel motivated to work. Here are some tips for creating a pleasant work environment:FoodKeep snacks in the office, and/or ensure there’s enough coffee or tea in the kitchen to help your employees get through the day. One can even consider giving their employees special treats once in a week or month such as pizza or bagels and donuts. Keep in mind that there should be something for the health conscious and weight conscious too.LightingIf harsh fluorescent lights cannot be avoided, one can consider keeping at least a few low watt bulbs that are not as harsh on the eye. In addition, positioning employees close to windows where they can get some natural light and fresh air will make them feel less suffocated.TemperatureThe temperature in the office should ideally be temperate (neither too cold nor too hot). Very hot or freezing temperatures can ha ve a negative effect on employee motivation.WallsEmployees will look at their walls often. So, it is a great idea to use wall space as a canvas for stuff that motivates such as a few motivational slogans (don’t go overboard with it) or posters that indicate that the company is progressing. It is a nice idea to have a bulletin board where employees can put up birthday cards, pictures or other stuff that they can share with their colleagues.6. Social Outings and EventsThese kinds of events will help the company’s employees get better acquainted with their co-workers and possibly establish friendships with them. The friendly relations thus developed with their colleagues are again, fuel for motivation. Given below are some suggestions for team and social outings and events:Establish a softball league or bowling team: This is great for fostering team spirit as well as colleague-colleague bondingOne can allow employees to have lunch together outside, once a monthOne can encourage emp loyees to join volunteering causes in teams. This again helps in creating team bonding while making the employees feel a sense of satisfaction at doing something for society.The surprising truth about what motivates us The power of employee motivation should never be underestimated. Devoting time and effort to improving employee engagement is definitely worth it considering the rewards you’ll reap from doing so, in the long term. Image credit:  Flickr | Mike Lewis under Attribution 2.0 Generic.

Oedipus And His Tragic Traits. In Sophocles Play Oedipus

Oedipus and His Tragic Traits In Sophocles play Oedipus the King, Sophocles depicts the horrible fate of Oedipus, a pompous, arrogant young ruler. The story begins in the Greek town of Thebes. A plague has descended upon the Thebians causing death and famine throughout the land. Oedipus, being the heroic king, takes full responsibility to find out the cause of their aliments. While working to discover the source of the plague, Oedipus stumbles upon the tragic truth of his heritage and the horrifying implications of his appointment to the throne. Unfortunately for Oedipus, everything ends in tragedy. With the suicide of his mother/wife and the self-inflicted blindness followed by exile from Thebes, Oedipus paved the path to his own†¦show more content†¦In the end, Tiresias explains that Oedipus is to blame for Laius’s death, for he is the murderer. Oedipus naturally denies the claim and accuses Creon and Tiresias of conspiring against him, so that Creon can gain power . Even though Oedipus is in denial, he still adamantly seeks the truth held by the shepherd. He sends for him, and upon arrival the shepherd was timid to reveal the truth. Oedipus responded by calling to the guards, â€Å"Twist his arm back, quickly! (line 1269)† In the end of this scene Jocasta, wife of Oedipus, realizes the truth behind who her husband really is, and that the prophecy had been fulfilled and runs away. Oedipus then continues to question the shepherd further because he still fails to see what is right in front of him. This brings the audience to the third and fourth characteristics of Aristotle’s tragic hero: the reversal of fortune and the recognition that it was self-inflicted. In a rush of realization, Oedipus sees the truth that was in front of him and the audience throughout entire play. Oedipus, in utter agony, cries out and starts cursing the shepherd who had freed his ankles as a child. (lines 1481-1487) He then sees the correlation that marks him the killer of King Laius. The most horrifying realization to Oedipus was that he in fact had wed and procreated with his own mother. At this point heroic Oedipus has beenShow MoreRelated tragoed Oedipus as the Ideal Tragic Hero of Oedipus the King (Oedipus Rex)1217 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus as the Ideal Tragic Hero of Oedipus the King In the introduction to Sophocles Oedipus the King, Sophocles defines a tragic hero as one who [behaves] admirably as a man, [but who] is nevertheless tripped up by forces beyond his control and understanding... (Sophocles 76).   In Oedipus the King, Oedipus is the tragic hero. The force that trips up the hero is fate, or, moira. It is Oedipuss actions that set the events into motion,   but it is ultimately his fate, and his attemptedRead MoreOedipus The King Of Oedipus868 Words   |  4 Pagesvery distinct traits. 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Ironically these are the very traits which bring about his tragic discovery. Oedipus gained the rule of Thebes by answering the riddle of Sphinx. Sophocles used the riddle of the sphinxRead MoreOedipus The King, A Tragic Hero Story Of Fate1495 Words   |  6 Pages OEDIPUS THE KING, A TRAGIC HERO STORY OF FATE Pamela A. Long L26269572 ENGL 102 Professor Givens March 2, 2015 Turabian Sophocles is one of the great ancient Greek tragedians in the history of drama. In the play â€Å"Oedipus the King,† Oedipus is an excellent example of fate happening to a tragic hero. In addition, this play has all the elements of tragedy; human weakness, powerless, suffering, and one not having control of his own destiny. 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Although by the opening act of the play, Oedipus has earned the throne of Thebes for solving the riddle of the Sphinx, the eponymous character is unaware that he has already fulfilled his prophecy. Meanwhile, the people of Thebes are dyingRead MoreEssay about Tragedy in Sophocles Oedipus The King and Antigone 1403 Words   |  6 PagesTragedy in Sophocles Oedipus The King and Antigone The Greeks considered tragedy the greatest form for literature.   However, the tragic ends for the characters were not ordained or set by fate, but rather caused by certain characteristics belonging to that person.   Such is the case with the characters of Sophocles plays Oedipus the King and Antigone.   Oedipus from King Oedipus, and Antigone and Creon from Antigone posses characteristics, especially pride, that caused their tragic ends.   AsRead MoreOedipus the King1125 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus the King by Sophocles is about Oedipus, a man doomed by his fate. 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What Is Syria Essay - 1398 Words

In the political and social badlands that those residing in this world have come to regard as the middle east, there exists a country by the name of Syria. Like many other countries of the region, this country has large areas of arid land not fit for habitation. However, unlike some of the other countries of this region, Syria boasts large hospitable coastal, forested, and mountainous areas that have diverse seasons ranging from extreme heat to snow in the winter months. Most of the habitable areas of Syria reside along the western coastline of the region or along the eastern plateau, which boasts large areas of mountainous and often densely forested areas. This diversity has given Syria some social wiggle room that its neighboring†¦show more content†¦But alas, this feat of stability, was to be short lived. By early 2011, the country balanced on the razor’s edge as it was stressed by severe socioeconomic issues as well as by the turmoil of the changing political climate raging through its neighboring countries. For it was at this time, that a wave of violent and nonviolent protests swept the entire region of the middle east in what has come to be known as the Arab Spring . This season of protests led to toppling of regimes, political figures, and even the caused the destabilization of entire governments. Some of these included: Protests that forced Hosni Mubarak (president of Egypt at the time) to resign his office , Mass Demonstrations that forced the government of Yemen to crack down on the protesters leaving anywhere from 200 to 2,000 people dead, and the exile of Ben Ali (the autocratic ruler of Tunisia) as deadly demonstrations ravaged the country . This did not bode well for Syria, as the Assad regime was having trouble dealing with their population at the time. In his article, â€Å"For America, An Arab Winter† Aaron Miller noted that, â€Å"support in Syria was increasingly tenuous as a result of Assad’s repression and whose Islamist trope seemed out of step with the non-ideological, youthful, secular character of the opposition in the Arab street.† Make no mistake, the regime that the Assad’s had established brought much needed stability to the state of Syria, but it did so at aShow MoreRelatedAmerican Politics Course At The Latin School Of Chicago Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pagesanalyzing my own work, an essay I called â€Å"Keeping a Distance† which is an analytical essay that argues the successes of president Obama’s foreign policy. This essay was written in May 2016 for my Honors Comparative and Global Politics course at the Latin School of Chicago. In my essay I strived to persuade Americans that Obama’s Foreign policy was overall very successful. To assist me in my goal, I used Logos and Pathos to gain the trust and emotions of my audience. 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Is The Uk Planning System Sustainable Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

The United Kingdom ( UK ) planning system operates on three grades, national, regional and local planning governments ( Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, 2005 ) . The Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 ( PCPA ) was brought into English jurisprudence to rush up the proceedings in the planning system and to do the planning determinations of major developments more â€Å" predictable † as is defined by the explanatory notes to the 2004 Act. The UK planning system operates within the remits of â€Å" sustainable development † , this focuses on three facets societal, economic and environmental. We will write a custom essay sample on Is The Uk Planning System Sustainable Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This three prong standards adopted for an already complicated planning system has lead to unfavorable judgments of lucidity, intent and for decelerating down proceedings. In order to objectively measure Bell and McGillvray ‘s statement, â€Å" Section39 of the planning and mandatory purchase act requires all program doing organic structures to exert their maps ‘with the aim of lending to the accomplishment of sustainable development † . Planing Policy Statement 6 ( PPS 6 ) , Planing for Town Centres, and Planing Policy Statement 9 ( PPS 9 ) , Biodiversity and Geological Conservation, are of critical relevancy to how and whom planning policy statute law is relevant to and as such are reviewed in respects to sustainable development. Sustainable development was the term coined and adopted by authoritiess, be aftering governments and non-government administrations for the development of planning policy and statute law, it â€Å" is the nucleus rule underpinning be aftering â€Å" ( PPS 6, 2003 ) . However there is still troubles in holding an internationally recognized definition, the most widely accepted definition is the publication of the United Nations ( UN ) World Commission on Environments Our Common hereafter ; â€Å" run intoing the demands of the present without compromising the ability of future coevalss to develop. † The subject is to protect the environment from debasement and to advance economic and societal verve. The committedness to the betterment of societal, economic and physical environments is quickly being endorsed by authoritiess around the universe, nevertheless trouble is common in fulfilling all three countries on new developments. In many instances determinations can be argued to hold been inattentive of environmental impacts in favor of economic benefits, alternately it can be argued that environmental sensitiveness has needlessly denied or inflated costs of new developments. The Newbury beltway has been constructed ( Insert snail instance survey ) Planing Policy Statement 6 PPS 6 was issued by the office of the Deputy premier minster in December 2003, it replaced Planing Policy Guidance note 6 and â€Å" has a cardinal function in easing and advancing sustainable and inclusive development † ( PPS 6, 2003 ) . PPS 6 is responsible for the development in town Centres and its primary focal point is on the regeneration and care of verve in town Centres and high streets. Friends of the Earth have critiscised PPS 6 saying it is responsible for â€Å" failure to supply clear counsel to local governments on the demand to keep big format shops † in their 2004 Consultation response Draft Planning Policy Statement Six: Planning for Town Centres. Conflicts in the planning procedure are determined by the consensus on what is more sustainable, but what if there is dissension on what is more sustainable. Subsection 2.6 of PPS 6 provinces â€Å" Larger shops may present benefits for consumers and local planning governments should do proviso for them in th is context † promoting border of town Centre vicinities for such developments. Where as it has besides been argued that larger shops can in fact be damaging to the diverseness and verve of a community, due to larger shops exporting all economic benefits out of their unmoved locations ( Friends of the Earth 2004 ) . This would connote a contradiction between PPS 6 and portion 1 of the 2004 PCPA. Another drawback to PPS 6 is its focal point on economic betterment through sustainable planning. Environmental debasement can non comprehensively be measured in fiscal graduated tables, and as such should non trust on pecuniary compensation as an effectual replacement in a sustainable policy. Planing Policy Statement 9 PPS 9 is responsible for the protection of biodiversity and geological preservation, nevertheless it is capable to controversy as to its precedence in planning policy. Made up of merely 14 paragraphs PPS 9 is the shortest planning policy statement, it has been critisizced as insufficient and equivocal in its capacity to supply clear way for be aftering organic structures ( Wildlife A ; Countryside Link 2004 ) . The authoritiess aims under PPS 9 are i ) to advance sustainable development two ) to conserve, enhance and reconstruct the diverseness of England ‘s wildlife and geology three ) to lend to rural reclamation and urban Renaissance ( PPS 9 2005 Page 2 ) . The committedness to the preservation of biodiversity is stated as one of the three chief aims of PPS 9, yet the the statement focuses on steps of conserving biodiversity in footings of protection of from debasement or injury. Wildlife A ; countryside nexus responded to PPS 9 in 2004 saying that it † contains smal l to promote positive planning for biodiversity Restoration and enhancement e.g. habitat creative activity chances † . PPS 9 fails to recognize and show the signifigance of the rate and impact of biodiversity loss at a planetary graduated table and the critical function of be aftering governments and the structuring of regional spacial schemes in footings of these contexts ( Friends of the Earth, 2004 Page 2 ) . A terrible nothingness of consistent information on clime alteration and its impact on biodiversity, one refrence to climate alteration can be found ; â€Å" Over clip the distribution of home grounds and species, and structural procedures and characteristics, will be affected by clime alteration and such alteration will necessitate to be taken into history. † ( Planing Policy Statement 9, 2005. Page 4 ) If biodiversity is to be conserved so a comprehensive model should be provided by authorities on the impacts and suggest agencies for local planning governments to cover with the impacts of clime alteration Wildlife A ; Countryside Link 2004 ) . Pargraph 10 of PPS 9 refers to the importance of biodiversity in ancient forests and emphasises that â€Å" one time lost it can non be recreated † , as such can non be capable to extenuation steps such as translocation as in the instance of the Desmoulin Whorl snail,1. Advancement for developments that would function to increase the loss of biodiversity is made possible by the get out clause â€Å" unless the demand for, and benefits of, the development in that location outweigh the loss of the forest home ground † ( PPS 9, 2005. Pg 6 ) . This caveate can be seen to promote the development of Sites of Particular Scientific Interest ( SSSI ) , as it undermines the tone of the planning policy statement and the planning already r equires the material considerations during the planning application phase ( Woodland Trust, 2004 ) . The Woodland Trust and Ancient Tree Forum requested the remotion of the aforesaid caveate in their 2004 response to PPS 9 proposing it would direct a clearer message about the protection of ancient forest. Decision The mandatory purchase act of 2004 serves to rush up be aftering proceedings and increase determination predictability, subdivision 39 of the act implores be aftering organic structures to keep development in a sustainable form. The effectivity of the mandatory purchase act of 2004 is straight affected by our definition of sustainable development and the precedences of economic, societal and environmental public assistance. The apprehension of sustainable development becomes diluted when applied to the multi-functional environment of suburban town Centres ( Griffiths S. 2008 ) .. Whilst still combative, the in agreement definition of sustainable development provided by UN universe committee on environments is clear in its aim, the more of import issue of what are considered to be acceptable sustainable patterns under planning policy statement should be reviewed with considerations to the responses of be aftering governments and non-governmental administrations. Climate alteration has caught tonss of attending in the political sphere with the most recent acme held in Copenhagen in December 2009, it is surprising so that there is merely one mention to climate alteration in PPS 9 and slightly conspicuous that it is the shortest of all the planning policy statements looking to be a briefly considered topic non built-in to the overall Agenda. The complexness of quantifying the resources provided to society by biodiversity in figures of currency make it a hard rival in for precedence in the political sphere of parliament. However the new system can be seen as a dramatic betterment in turn toing the antecedently vacant model on biodiversity preservation. How to cite Is The Uk Planning System Sustainable Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Why Ghost Blogging For Your Company Is Needed, and Ethical.

WHY GHOST BLOGGING FOR YOUR COMPANY IS NEEDED, AND ETHICAL. Ive been reading some great posts by Jason Falls and Mark Schaefer on ghost blogging, so I thought Id throw in my two cents. Is it OK to hire a ghostwriter for your blog? My answer is a resounding Yes! Maybe. That is, under certain conditions. And heres what I think those conditions are: The ideas in your blog authentically express your ideas, your expertise, and your opinions, even if the blogs themselves are ghost authored. See No. 1. We ghost write books for clients all the time. These clients have their own thoughts and their own industry knowledge, which they have legitimately accumulated over years of experience. The clients just may not be good writers, or they may not have the time to write. It’s an extremely personal experience to ghost write for a client in the true sense of the word. The ghostwriter is a medium (forgive the pun) for the client. It’s the client’s knowledge that makes the book possible. It’s the ghostwriter’s job to turn that client’s thoughts into words. And, yes, this is entirely possible – although the relationship can take months to get settled. It’s much like hiring a good private secretary: After the second week, you’re ready to fire her, but after a month, you don’t know what you’d do without her. After a month, you can give her a three-bullet memo, and she can turn it into a beautifully sculpted email. After a year, you can give her a three-bullet memo, and she’ll turn into a four-page letter to the shareholders. Now, here’s why it’s necessary for many companies to hire a ghost blogger: What busy C-level exec really has an hour a day to spend on blogging? And when I mean an hour, I really mean more like an hour minimum. Even if you know the subject you are writing about by heart, even if you feel the muse take you, and some muses are finickier than others, and even if you are a really, really fast typist blogging for yourself may not be practical. By the time youve typed up all your ideas, read them over, agonized about what people will think, double checked your facts, and posted the darn thing, youve spent an hour. At the same time, companies today need to blog. Companies need to connect with their audience, to share industry knowledge, and maintain Internet branding. But the people who represent the company are just too busy doing their job. And their job is not writing. Yes, it takes time to hire a ghost blogger and train them and review material – but it still takes less time than it would to do it yourself. Oh, and before I wrap up, I’d like to post a response to the question that’s been coming up on some of the blogs relating to this topic: What about responding to comments? Does the client have to approve every comment post? Again, I’m going to go back to the private secretary example. The answer is yes, and no. Just like a secretary, the ghost blogger keeps track of the comments, spends an hour or so a week reviewing comments with the client, and takes notes on the basic responses. The ghost blogger then pens those responses. Does this take time out of the client’s schedule? Of course. But does it take as much time as it would for the client to pen those responses himself? No. And will the responses be better written? Almost certainly.

101 Intro to Research and Report Purpose Professor Ramos Blog

101 Intro to Research and Report Purpose Diversity Michael Che Black Lives Matter Diversity Diversity: the condition of having or being composed of differing elements; especially the inclusion of different types of people (such as people of different races or cultures) in a group or organization. Types of diversity, include, but are not limited to: race gender ethnicity sexual orientation politics age socioeconomic status religion disability class Which one of these applies to your report? Remember, you report has to focus around diversity and issues or problems. Quick Write How would you feel if someone used your ideas or work without giving you credit? Intro to Research Scholarly research is research that is published by people with specialized knowledge on what they are researching. It is peer reviewed, reviewed by other researchers and specialist in the field, and is generally trustworthy. Blogs, Newspapers, Magazines are not Scholarly but are popular sources. ProCon.org  No subscription needed. Good place to look at the main issues around a topic. Occupational Outlook Handbook  The OOH can help you find career information on duties, education and training, pay, and outlook for hundreds of occupations. Google Scholar  Google academic database search. Great place to start. Specific Research Questions The topic or issue will help narrow down what you can research for your report. A specific research question will help focus your research to a specific area. A broad question like â€Å"What is global warming?† is way to big to write about and try to research in our time allotted. Plus, that one has already been answered. A better, more narrow question on this topic would be, â€Å"How does global warming affect the California shorelines?† This research question narrows down a broad topic and connects it to you. If you are a Business major, you might want to ask, â€Å"What are carbon credits, and how might they affect the California economy?† This question connects your interest or topic to your major. Report Purpose and Topic Answer questions. Review what is already known about a subject. Report new knowledge. Free Write What topic are you considering? From the three choices above, which one do you think best serves your topic? Write everything you know about the topic. Write for 5 minutes without stopping. Write sentences, bullet points, words, examples, etc.; anything that comes to mind regarding your topic. Free Write Take the topic you are thinking about researching for your report and write it at the top of a page. For the next five minutes I want you two write down everything you know about it. Do not edit as you write. Just keep writing and see where it takes you. Just keep writing. If you thought runs out, skip a line and start a new thought. Keep writing. What do you know about your topic? What questions do you have about your topic? What do you need to research about your topic? Civil Rights Movement Non Violent sit ins led to the Civil Rights Movement We have come a long way. Annotated Bibliography Chapter 11 in our textbook explains the purpose of an annotated bib. An annotated bib is a works cited or references page with additional information added to each citation. You begin with the correct reference citation for your sources. For this assignment we will have at least five sources. Here is a good explanation of  citations in MLA. Here is the format: Author(s). â€Å"Article Title.†Ã‚  Source, vol. #, no. #, season year, pp. xx-xx.  Database,  URL. Example: Kong, Les. â€Å"Business Sources for Education Majors.†Ã‚  Education Graduate Students Journal, vol. 75, no. 4, 2014, pp. 12-19.  JSTOR,  jstor.org/stable/52506788. To each entry you will add the annotation, the paragraph or two that explains the source, why you are using it, and its reliability. Each professor you will have in the future may have specific guidelines for what to include in an annotated bibliographic entry. Always follow their instructions. For this assignment, you should include: Summary of Source, 2-4 sentences How you are using it in your report, 1-3 sentences Reliability of source, 1-3 sentences In total, you should have a short paragraph, 4-10 sentences, explaining the three points above.

Biography of Alvin C. York, Hero of World War I

Biography of Alvin C. York, Hero of World War I Alvin C. York (born Alvin Cullum York; December 13, 1887–September 2, 1964) was one of the U.S. Armys most notable heroes during World War I. York received the Medal of Honor for his actions on October 8, 1918, during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. In the course of an attack, he led a small group that captured more than 130 prisoners and he single-handedly eliminated multiple German machine guns and their crews. After the war, his life was brought to the big screen by Gary Cooper in the award-winning film Sergeant York. Fast Facts: Alvin C. York Known for: Pacifist hero in World War I, movie about his life in 1940.Birth: December 13, 1887 in Pall Mall, TennesseeParents: William and Mary YorkDeath: September 2, 1964 in Pall Mall, TennesseeSpouse: Gracie WilliamsChildren: 10, eight of whom survived infancy Early Life Alvin Cullum York was born December 13, 1887, to William and Mary York of rural Pall Mall, Tennessee. The third of 11 children, York grew up in a small two-room cabin and received minimal schooling as a child due to a need to aid his father in running the family farm and hunting for food. Though his formal education was lacking, he learned to be a crack shot and an adept woodsman. In the wake of his fathers death in 1911, York, as the eldest still living in the area, was forced to aid his mother in raising his younger siblings. To support the family, he began working in railroad construction and as a logger in Harriman, Tennessee. A hard worker, York showed a devotion to promoting the welfare of his family. Trouble and Spiritual Conversion During this period, York became a heavy drinker and was frequently involved in bar fights. Despite pleas from his mother to improve his behavior, York persisted in drinking. This continued until the winter of 1914, when his friend Everett Delk was beaten to death during a brawl in nearby Static, Kentucky. Shaken by this incident, York attended a revival meeting led by H.H. Russell during which he concluded that he needed to change his ways or risk suffering a fate similar to Delk. Altering his behavior, he became a member of the Church of Christ in Christian Union. A strict fundamentalist sect, the church forbade violence and preached a strict moral code that forbade drinking, dancing, and many forms of popular culture. An active member of the congregation, York met his future wife, Gracie Williams, through the church while also teaching Sunday school and singing in the choir. World War I and Moral Confusion With the United States entry into World War I in April 1917, York became concerned that he would be required to serve. These worries became reality when he received his draft registration notice. Consulting with his pastor, he was advised to seek conscientious objector status. On June 5, York registered for the draft as required by law, but wrote on his draft card, Dont want to fight. When his case was reviewed by local and state draft authorities, his request was denied as his church was not a recognized Christian sect. In addition, during this period conscientious objectors were still drafted and typically assigned non-combat roles. In November, York was drafted into the U.S. Army, and though his conscientious objector status was considered, he was sent to basic training. A Change of Heart Now 30 years old, York was assigned to Company G, 328th Infantry Regiment, 82nd Infantry Division and posted to Camp Gordon in Georgia. Arriving, he proved a crack shot but was seen as an oddity because he did not wish to fight. During this time, he had extensive conversations with his company commander, Captain Edward C.B. Danforth, and his battalion commander, Major G. Edward Buxton, relating to the Biblical justification for war. A devout Christian, Buxton cited a variety of Biblical sources to counter his subordinates concerns. Challenging Yorks pacifist stance, the two officers were able to convince the reluctant soldier that war could be justified.  Following a 10-day leave to visit home, York returned with a firm belief that God meant for him to fight. In France Traveling to Boston, Yorks unit sailed for Le Havre, France in May 1918 and arrived later that month after a stop in Britain. Reaching the Continent, Yorks division spent time along the Somme as well as at Toul, Lagney, and Marbache, where they underwent a variety of training to prepare them for combat operations along the Western Front. Promoted to corporal, York took part in the St. Mihiel offensive that September as the 82nd sought to protect the US First Armys right flank. With the successful conclusion of fighting in that sector, the 82nd shifted northward to take part in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. Entering the fighting on October 7 to relieve units of the 28th Infantry Division, Yorks unit received orders that night to advance the next morning to take Hill 223 and press on to sever the Decauville Railroad north of Chatel-Chehery. Advancing around 6 a.m. the next morning, the Americans succeeded in taking the hill. A Tough Assignment Moving forward from the hill, Yorks unit was forced to attack through a triangular valley and quickly came under German machine-gun fire on several sides from the adjacent hills. This stalled the attack as the Americans began taking heavy casualties. In an effort to eliminate the machine guns, 17 men led by Sergeant Bernard Early, including York, were ordered to work around into the German rear. Taking advantage of the brush and hilly nature of the terrain, these troops succeeded in slipping behind the German lines and advanced up one of the hills opposite the American advance. In doing so, they overran and captured a German headquarters area and secured a large number of prisoners including a major. While Earlys men began securing the prisoners, the German machine gunners up the slope turned several of their guns and opened fire on the Americans. This killed six and wounded three, including Early. This left York in command of the remaining seven men. With his men behind cover guarding the prisoners, York moved to deal with the machine guns. A Stunning Achievement Beginning in a prone position, he utilized the shooting skills he had honed as a boy. Picking off the German gunners, York was able to move to a standing position as he evaded enemy fire. During the course of the fight, six German soldiers emerged from their trenches and charged at York with bayonets. Running low on rifle ammunition, he drew his pistol and dropped all six before they reached him. Switching back to his rifle, he returned to sniping at the German machine guns. Believing he had killed around 20 Germans, and not wishing to kill more than necessary, he began calling for them to surrender. Sergeant Alvin York during the action of October 8, 1918 by Frank Schoonover. Public Domain In this, he was aided by the captured major who ordered his men to cease fighting. Rounding up the prisoners in the immediate area, York and his men had captured around 100 Germans. With the majors assistance, York began moving the men back toward the American lines. In the process, another 30 Germans were captured. Advancing through artillery fire, York and the surviving men delivered 132 prisoners to his battalion headquarters. This done, he and his men rejoined their unit and fought through to the Decauville Railroad. In the course of the fight, 28 Germans were killed and 35 machine guns captured. Yorks actions clearing the machine guns reinvigorated the 328ths assault and the regiment advanced to secure a position on the Decauville Railroad. Medal of Honor For his achievements, York was promoted to sergeant and awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. Remaining with his unit for the final weeks of the war, his decoration was upgraded to the Medal of Honor which he received on April 18, 1919. The award was presented to York by American Expeditionary Forces commander General John J. Pershing. In addition to the Medal of Honor, York received the French Croix de Guerre and Legion of Honor, as well as the Italian Croce al Merito di Guerra. When given his French decorations by Marshal Ferdinand Foch, the supreme allied commander commented, What you did was the greatest thing ever accomplished by any soldier by any of the armies of Europe. Arriving back in the United States in late May, York was hailed as a hero and was honored with a ticker-tape parade in New York City. Later Life Though wooed by filmmakers and advertisers, York was eager to return home to Tennessee. Doing so, he married Gracie Williams that June. Over the next several years, the couple had 10 children, eight of whom survived infancy. A celebrity, York took part in several speaking tours and eagerly sought to improve educational opportunities for area children. This culminated with the opening of the Alvin C. York Agricultural Institute in 1926, which was taken over by the State of Tennessee in 1937. Though York possessed some political ambitions, these largely proved fruitless. In 1941, York relented and allowed a film to be made of his life. As the conflict in Europe increased in intensity, what had first been planned as a movie about his work to educate children in Tennessee became an overt statement for intervention in World War II. Starring Gary Cooper, who would win his only Academy Award for his portrayal, Sergeant York proved a box office hit. Though he opposed the U.S. entry into World War II prior to Pearl Harbor, York worked to found the Tennessee State Guard in 1941, serving as colonel of the 7th Regiment and became a spokesperson for the Fight for Freedom Committee, counter to Charles Lindberghs isolationist American First committee. With the beginning of the war, he attempted to re-enlist but was turned away due to his age and weight. Unable to serve in combat, he instead played a role in war bond and inspection tours. In the years after the war, York was plagued by financial problems and was left incapacitated by a stroke in 1954. He died on September 2, 1964, after suffering a cerebral hemorrhage. Sources Birdwell, Michael E. Alvin Cullum York: The Myth, the Man, and the Legacy. Tennessee Historical Quarterly 71.4 (2012): 318–39. Print.Hoobler, James A. Sergeant York Historic Area. Tennessee Historical Quarterly 38.1 (1979): 3–8. Print.Lee, David D. Appalachia on Film: The Making of Sergeant York. Southern Quarterly 19.3 (1981): 207–15.Maestriano, Douglas V. Alvin York: A New Biography of the Hero of the Argonne. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2014.

Financial Management Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Management Assignment - Essay Example The majority stakeholders were Vodafone Group Plc and Verizon Communications holding 45 percent and 55 percent stakes respectively. In the past both groups have tried to acquire higher stake in the entity. But the negotiations between them failed multiple times due to failure in arriving at right price for the deal. At one point of time Verizon suspended dividend payout to Vodafone for 6 years which many analysts perceive as a move that was aimed at pushing Vodafone to exit the venture. The primary reason for such motive was get higher ownership in Verizon Wireless that had become the third largest telecom entity in United States in very small amount of time. the negotiations regarding stake sale failed in the past because Verizon Communication estimated that true value of Verizon Wireless was approximately $100 billion and it was willing to pay this amount to Vodafone to exit the venture. But, Vodafone estimates that after including the intangible aspects and future potential of Ver izon Wireless in ever growing US and European markets should be much higher (approx $130 billion). Thus, the deal was successfully struck that was close to a decade in the making (Financial Times, 2013). The terms and conditions of the deal are so agreed upon between the two entities that the change in ownership structure will not impact the services to odd 100 million customers of Verizon Wireless. The stock markets reacted positively to the deal announcement. The share prices of Vodafone surged to 12 year high in the international stock markets thereby increasing shareholders’ wealth by taking total market capitalisation of the company to all new highs (Reuters, 2013). In contrast the share prices of Verizon Communications rose by approximately 3 percent on the day when Vodafone officially announced the deal. More specific details of the deal reveals that Vodafone will get about $59.8 billion in cash; remaining $60.1 billion

Training and development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Training and development - Assignment Example Training and development are crucial to the business because it equips the employees with the relevant knowledge and skills for realizing the business objectives through a well laid down strategies (Werner, Jon and Randy, 15). With the increasing level of competition, the most organization embraces the fact that there exist the link between policy and training and organizational development. Therefore, human resource is regarded as equally important as any other resource in an organization, in that respect, the team must spend so well in their training. In the training process, the employees go through professional certification. Professional certification is important to both the organization and the individual. It is important to the organization in that the operator will execute his or her duties with due competence. Furthermore, it is also important during the execution of strategy. On the other hand, the employee who has undergone professional certification will have courage in the performance of his duties and policy implementation. Training and development is one crucial and important thing in many organizational setting. Training and development usually lead to improved performance of groups and i ndividuals in any organization. In most cases, professional certification is financed by the business organization (Werner, Jon and Randy, 43). On the part of the organizational development (OD), it is imperative especially for the effectiveness and widening of productivity in the organization. Furthermore, OD acts as a way of solving the problems that involve the execution of strategy. However, the process of executing organizational development requires an investment of both time and finance. It is prudent that the company invests on the human resource through training. Human resource management is always the department charged with the duty of training and development (Wilson, 65). Training

South Korea Vs Nigeria

South Korea Vs Nigeria State Led Development Introduction After the second world war, some countries have found themselves behind for many reasons e.g.: natural resource endowment, population, market forces, and institutional factors. (Amsden, 1989). During the 1950s and 1960s, the state was expected to play important role in the development process. (Evans, 1994). The state in Late development countries have implemented several and different approaches to reduce the gap between their countries and the developed ones. Some states succeeded in harnessing the energies of their private and public sectors and natural sources to achieve rapid industrialization and development, whereas others have formed corrupted relationship to achieve personal interests and goals. However, there are many constrains and restrictions that prevent state from implementing the process of development even if the stats design development plans and programms and have the intention to apply them. Country context, former colonializations, people literacy and wrong plann ing may intervene and imped the development process. This essay will explain the reasons behind the success of state led development in countries more than others using two different countries as examples (South Korea and Nigeria). The essay is distributed in three parts. The first part provides the reader with definition of the state. The second section critically reviews the different discourses around the reasons of the success and failure of the state led development. The third section will talk about two different countries, South Korea, in which the state played an important role in the development and will contrast it with Nigeria in which the state was unable to perform efficiently to achieve development. The Concept of the State and its role in development: Following Miliband- Poulantzas Debate in the 1960s and the 1970s, discussions on the state nature, structure, and influence over societies gained attention from literature. Kohli, (2004, p.9) defines the stats as: In addition to centralized and coercive control over a territory, a defining characteristic of all modern states is a well-established public arena that is both normatively and organizationally distinguishable from private interests and pursuits. The emphasize on the role of the government in development is also seen by Evans, Rueschemeyer and Skocpol,( 1985 p 46-47) who also define the state as set of organization invested with the authority to make binding decisions for people and organizations juridically located in a particular territory and to implement these decisions if necessary force In other words, the substantial reasons for the state existence is to serve the interest of the public and provide sufficient resources for the development of the country and people through decisions, policy making and rapid investment. State Led Development Success and Failure: Kohli (2004) argues that there are three types of the states and this classification is important because it will help the reader to understand more the reasons behind the success and failure of the state led development in different countries. 1. ) Neopatrimonial : The characteristics of the state is that it is poorly centralized, and hardly genuine authority structure. Leaders are unconstrained by role of law or institutions and bureaucratic and treat public resources as their personal properties. The consequence of the state led development under such state has often resulted in tragedy simply because the interest of the public and the capabilities to achieve the target goals are shifted to serve personal interest rather than public goals. Later in the essay we will see that Nigeria best example for such kind of state. 2.) Cohesive capitalist: The states have proved to be the most successful agent of deliberate state-led industrialization in peripheral countries because it has cen tralised and purposive authority structure that regularly breach deep into society. The priority of such kind of state is the economic growth with national security. For a variety of historical reasons theses state build relations and cooperation with major economic groups especially among the close coalition. The state usually implements tight control over labour. The key political tool is a competent bureaucracy. Leaders in these states are frequently using ideological mobilization to get acceptance in the society and associating rapid economic growth with national security. Examples of these states are South Korea, Singapore, and Malaysia 3). Fragmented multiclass: Between Neopatrimonial and cohesive capitalist lie fragmented multiclass. Public authority in these states tends to be more fragmented. These states are unable to define their goals. Leaders ignore public interest and focus on groups of people because leaders in this type of states worry more about political support. E xample of such state. India. A group of developing countries (South Korea, Taiwan, Brazil, India and Mexico) began the twentieth century in an economically backward state based on raw materials, and dramatically raised national income per capita by investing in industry, these countries labelled under Late industrialization (Amsden, 1989) So, the state in these countries took the big push to make progress towards development. But one could ask why some countries were able to succeed fay beyond other countries? Reasons of Success of state led development in countries more than others According to Change (2003), there are three main reasons why state intervention in East Asian countries were successful: 1.) Policy realism: all decisions made by government regarding priority sectors were made after careful study of surrounding facts and figures such as market condition and the state of local technological capability. 2.) Policy flexibility: Policy makers are able to admit their mistakes and try to correct them. 3.) State autonomy: states have the will and able to withdraw support from industrial firms when there is no improvement in industry productivity, the state could exercise its autonomy in a method that is attached to, but not influenced by, private sectors interest. To boost development the governments intervened systematically and through various channels. Policy interventions took many forms (World Bank, 1993). In Industry, states intervened by protecting and supporting new-born industries by providing them with facilitations to subsidies. However, these subsidies were monitored and controlled by the state and constrained by specific roles and regulation. In returns of these subsidies, the state imposed performance standards on private firms which made the subsidies lower and more sufficient. The state interfered to address the needs of both savers and investors, and of both exporters and importers, by creating multiple prices and establish multiple prices in the same market. (Amsden, 1989). Amsden echoed this by saying the state cannot be said to have gotten relative prices right, as dictated by supply and demand. In fact, the state in late industrialization has set relative prices deliberately wrong in order to create profitable investment opportunities. (Amsden, 1989, p, 13- 14). According to word bank (1993) successful state led development intervened in successfully in the following areas: 1.) Economically, the government provided a stable macroeconomic environment and a reliable legal framework to promote domestic and international competition. successful state led development countries were able to limit fascial defect to the minimum without increasing inflationary pressure and respond quickly and efficiently when they face any kind of such pressure. As the government was able to control the inflation, thus inflation was moderated and predictable, real interest rates were also stable in compare to other countries. This macroeconomic stability encouraged both long term planning and private investment. 2.) Stats appointed a competent technocratic cadre who were responsible on providing day to day advise to the government.3.) Building human capital, education and learning were on the top priority of late industrialization countries. Post-secondary education focused on technical skills, and some countries imported educational services on large scale particularly on vocational and technological sophisticated discipline, building on the human capacity has a major impact and contribution to the rapid economic growth and also led to equitable economic distribution. 4.) Foreign technology, these states have actively sought foreign technology through a variety of mechanisms, form of licenses, capital goods imports, and foreign training. Openness to direct foreign investment has speeded technology access in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and Thailand. Japan, Korea, Taiwan and China 5.) Agriculture, East Asian states supported agricultural researches and extension services to speed diffusion of Green Revolution technologies. their substantial investments in irrigation and other rural infrastructure hastened adoption of high yielding varieties, new crops, and the use of manufactured inputs, such as fertilizer and equipment, to cultiva te them So far we saw that the state led development in some countries encouraged investment by several ways. First, they did a better job than most developing economies at creating infrastructure that was complementary to private investment. Second, they established an investment friendly environment through a combination of tax policies. In contrast, one of the main reason for the state led development failure in other countries is the introduction of new financial measure that serves the interest of specific groups, sector and state only. The state had transferred the work of the marketing agencies, which was established during the colonial era and officially mandated to use the amount of the funds they collected through the agricultural activities for the benefit of the farming community and stabilizing the prices. Once the colonialization end the state controlled these agencies and shifted the role of these agencies from being responsible for stabilizing the prices to increasingly being responsible for imposing tax which led to increase in the prices. So instead of supporting agriculture they created inflation. The states of Africa, like states else-where in the developing world, they seek to divert resources from their traditional economic sectors to their modern or developing sectors. Therefore they put pressure on the marketing agencies to give funds to industrial cooperation with great facilitation, thus the agencies became the funding organization for redistributing income from agriculture to industry. With the passage of time people were unable to run the industry as it was supposed and they never return the loans they borrowed from the agencies because they lack the management and technical capacity to run the firms and because there was no pressure from the government on this firms to return the money. This led to a gap between sectors. And lose a very important resources of foreign currency which was the agriculture main source of it. (Bates, 2014) In addition to that, countries like India and Argentina have adopted policies that banned the acquisition of foreign knowledge. Also, they refused to send people to the advanced technological countries to acquire knowledge, thus forgoing the advanced technology embodied in imported equipment (World Bank, 1993). 3). South Korea Effective State Vs Nigerian Ineffective State: The Japanese colonial had impact on the nature of the Korean state and on the relationship of this state to various social classes. Japanese colonialism in Korea helped to establish a cohesive-capitalist state in specific patterns. These patterns included high bureaucratic penetrating and architectonic state. (Kohli, 2004). The reason behind the success of the state led development in South Korea because state exercised discipline over private firms: this has enabled subsidies to be more effective. If the big business groups loaned long term capital at negative real interest rates, they should use the borrowed capital in productive way rather than speculatively. Another important point if the business groups are given the permission to sell in protected domestics market, they should sell in export market as well with focus on efficiency. These procedures consisted the initial phase for high growth rates of productivity, this made Korea to borrow extensively in international capital with overseas loans. In addition to that government rewarded firms who entered hazardous industries with other industrial license in more profitable sectors. This led to enlarging the scale of the business and export as well as development of diversified business groups (Amsden 1989). Korea differs from most other late indust rializing countries is in the discipline its state exercise over private firms by penalising poor performance and rewarding only good ones. Good performance was evaluated in terms of production and operations management rather than financial indicators. There was a constant pressure form government bureaucrats on cooperate leaders to sell more a board with obvious implication for efficiency. Pressure to meet ambitious export targets gave the big push into heavy industry its unique character. In exchange for government support Firms have been subject to five general controls. 1) Nationalize of banking system. Government governor commercial banking. 2) Government imposed limitation to the number of firms. 3) Discipline has been exercised on market-dominating enterprise through annual negotiated price controls, in order to avoid monopoly power. 4) Investors have been subject to controls on capital flight, or the remittance of liquid capital overseas. 5) The middle class have been taxed, and the lower classes have received almost nothing in the way of social services. This has enabled a persistent deficit in the government account to reflect long term intervention. (Amsden, 1989) In contrast to South Korea, Nigeria is classified as Neopatrimonial state. There are many reasons behind the state led development failure. First, unlike South Korea which Japanese colonization assisted in building the state, the British colonisation in Nigeria shaped the economic to be small-scale, simple and based on underdeveloped technology. In addition to that, British colonial failed to centralize authority to develop an effective civil service and build the capacity of the state to tax the state population directly and they didnt take any action to support industry, transfer technology or protect infant industry. So the Nigeran had inherited poor bureaucracy from their colonial experience and the British had left Nigeria as fragmented and ineffective state and not prepared for achieving transformation to modern state. The Nigerian economy improved during the late colonialization arena, because British intervened extensively in the economy especially in manufacturing, which depends mainly on foreign trade commodities such as palm cocoa, and groundnut improved during the war and stayed in demand till 1955. Government did not make any efforts to improve industry and agriculture. Foreign investment focused on consumer products such as textile, soft drinks. There are four important areas of Nigerian state intervention, 1.) revenue extraction taxation: state generated only one- third of the gross capital formation which is low even according to the Africans standards and the majority of it is was a revenue of taxing imposed on foreign trade. Also on customs duties on import and export. Unlike east Asian countries that were supporting infant industries with subsidies, Nigerian state established institution called (MBs) the main purpose of it was to buy the products from the peasants in a fixed price and sell it in the international market, and keeps the differences as a agrarian surpluses. With the time and with support of the Nigerean state the work of this institution shifted to collect taxation that has long term negative effect.2) spending especially on education. Nigera was divided into South and North, most of the educated people were based on the South. Thus, the educational programme which the government announced worked only in t he South, whereas people in the north rejected the education programme. The Education programme couldnt achieved its designed outputs. Public contracts to reconstruct the schools were not fulfilled, teachers were not qualified 3) Efforts to stimulate indigenous manufacturing: The government made a lot of facilitation to encourage manufacturing e.g: tax relief, positive import rules for producer and the founding of industrial state. However, all these facilitations did not have a real outcome because there was not enabling environment in terms of human capital and institutional 4) Neglecting Agriculture sector: One of the biggest mistake of the Nigerian government is their negligence of the agriculture and ignoring the peasants as a vital part in the development of the country, because food production consisted more than half of the national production. Later on British gave up power to a variety of indigenous forces that were separated on both ethnic and tribal lines. A state that was fragmented , with the absence of real leader keen to achieve development , an incompetent bureaucracy. Nigeria at the end of the twentieth was far beyond other countries, fragmented political structure, low literacy, and weak agrarian technology. These had led to coup and civil war in 196, which ended up by establishing Nigerian sovereignty. However, all the leaders who can to power in Nigeria lack the willing to achieve development and care only about their personal benefit. Therefore, the intervention of the Nigerian state was not fruitful becuase of the bureaucracy inherited from the British former colonalisation and because the government policy towards industry and due to the leaders who didnt have the vision for future development and who prioritised their interest over the country. Kohli, A. (2004). Conclusion: To sum up, state led development were mainly successful in countries like east Asian because of many reasons like, policy realism, policy flexibility and policy autonomy. In addition to that there were other factors that contributed to the success mainly former colonialism. We can argue that Japan colonloism to Korea helped in shaping effective state to fulfil its duties after independence. On the other hands state led development in counties like Africa failed to achieve the goals, due to impleneting wrong financial process on the industry and neglecting a very important sector like agriculture. Also, colonialism has negative influence on country like Nigeran and prevent it from achieving industrial progress. Bibliography: Amsden, A. (1989). Asias next giant. 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press. Bates, R. (2014). Markets and States in Tropical Africa. 1st ed. University of California Press Chang, H. (2003). Globalisation, economic development, and the role of the state. 1st ed. London: Zed Books. Evans, P. (1994). The State as Problem and Solution: Predation, Embedded Autonomy, and Structural Change. In: J. A.Hall, ed., The State, 1st ed. London and New York: Routledge, p.386. Evans, P. B. (1995). Embedded autonomy. Princeton: Princeton University Press Evans, P. B., Rueschemeyer, D., Skocpol, T. (1985). Bringing the state back in. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Jessop, B. (1990). State theory: Putting the capitalist state in its place. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press. Johnson, C. (1982). MITI and the Japanese miracle: The growth of industrial policy (pp. 1925- 1975). Redwood City: Stanford University Press. Kohli, A. (2004). State-directed development. 1st ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. World Bank. 1997. World Development Report 1997 : The State in a Changing World. New York: Oxford University Press. ÂÂ © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/5980 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO. World, B 1993, The East Asian Miracle : Economic Growth And Public Policy, New York, N.Y.: World Bank Publications, eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), EBSCOhost, viewed 27 December 2016

Two Views of the Mississippi

Two Views of the Mississippi Before beginning his vocation of being an author Samuel Clemens better known by his pen name Mark Twain, fulfilled his one lasting childhood ambition of becoming a steamboat pilot. Twain writes about his journey on the river in his autobiographical book Life on the Mississippi where in one section he talks about how one thing he would have to do is learn to distinguish the two views of the Mississippi, the beauty of the river and the navigational aspect of the river.I believe that one of the main messages is that even though you may love something, as time goes on you lose the beauty and innocence you had one seen in it. He describes this message through the use of figurative language and well placed rhetoric as he juxtaposes the ideas of the beauty and practicality of the Mississippi River. Mark Twain begins the first section of this excerpt with the statement that he â€Å"had mastered the language of this water†, which in all reality is actually a hyperbole, or an exaggeration, because nothing, ranging anywhere from breathing to performing a surgery, is ever truly able to be perfected or mastered.He uses this hyperbole at the beginning of this section to show how advanced he was in the knowledge of the river in that part of time. Twain then move on to use an oxymoron to describe the features of the river that he had â€Å"mastered† as â€Å"trifling†, or unimportant, saying that he knew every â€Å"trifling feature† along the river as he â€Å"knew the letters of the alphabet† with this he is saying that he knew all of these features of the river very well and to him they seemed irrelevant and saying he made a â€Å"valuable acquisition†.He uses this language to show us that all of the things along the river that he deals with everyday are irrelevant and unneeded. At the end of this section Twain juxtaposes this statement completely by calling all of these features â€Å"useful. † This language works because it creates a paradox with what he had previously said to show. This paradox shows that even though he may have said that this language is unimportant he actually does find it useful and needed in being a steamboat pilot.Twain carries on to say that he had lost something also, saying all of the beauty that he had once seen in the river was all gone except for one â€Å"wonderful† sunset that he experienced when he was new to steamboating. He describes the sunset with a metaphor saying â€Å"a broad expanse of the river was turned to blood† saying that the river is actually blood; this also personifies the river giving the river the human characteristic of having blood. Whereas later in the section Twain juxtaposes and begins the next bigger paradox with this by saying later in the piece that all the sun meant was that they were going to have wind the next day.Twain then describes the color of the water saying â€Å"in the middle distance the red hue brightened into gold. † He also talks about the other memorable sights that he saw on the Mississippi that night such as a log floating by and how in one place the water was smooth and there was a â€Å"slant mark lay sparkling across the water† and in another the â€Å"surface was broken by boiling tumbling rings that were as many-tinted as an opal. † Mark Twain uses a simile to describe the way that the sunset made a tree on the shore look by comparing to a glowing flame saying that â€Å"a single leafy bough glowed like a flame. He uses other romantic words to describe the condition of the water and the surroundings such as â€Å"delicately traced† and â€Å"graceful curves and that the lights of the sunset were covering his surroundings â€Å"with new marvels of colors. † The reason that Twain uses all of this figurative language and tools of figurative language is to in essence describe the beauty he saw that night in a way that it w ould paint in picture in the mind of the audience.He then goes on to juxtapose all of these previous features that he witnessed during the subject by describing that all that the â€Å"floating log means the river is rising† and that â€Å"slanting mark refers to a bluff reef† that could â€Å"kill somebody’s steamboat† and he continues to explain that all of the other sights he saw that night of the sunset were simply just nautical phenomena that he must watch out for to keep the steamboat out of danger.. All of these sights and contradictions that he made conclude the large paradox that Twain had set in this piece.These two sections also juxtapose each other in the sense of the style of language used. In the first section Twain uses more poetic or romantic type of language such as â€Å"river was turned to blood† and â€Å"single leafy bough glowed like a flame† to show and describe the beauty in what he had witnessed. Whereas in the secon d section Twain uses a more realistic style of language when he describes that all the things he saw were all just evidence of the changes in the river such as the sun meant that there was going to be wind the next day and the log meant that the water was rising or that the tree with the ingle branch would stand as a landmark to help guide him down the river. The language in these two sections differs so drastically because of the fact that Twain had gained more knowledge and experience in being a steamboat pilot and in his understanding in the river, and with this gained knowledge and experience all of the assets he had seen as beautiful and that astounded him during that memorable sunset had turned into simply just dangers that he had to look out for routinely as a steamboat pilot.The language difference in these sections reiterate the message of this piece being that as you gain knowledge and experience in something you lose the innocence you once had and in turn all the beauty a nd enjoyment fades and it seems to become merely a routine. It also shows how Mark Twain first saw so much beauty in the river when he was new to steamboating that he was â€Å"in a speechless rapture† and how as he gained experience and knowledge the beauty that the river had once held for him began to slowly diminish until it was completely gone and became simply signs that he must look for while piloting his steamboat down the river.Twain starts off in the next section of this excerpt describing the wonderment that the sunset he experienced had brought to him saying that he stood â€Å"like one bewitched†¦in a speechless rapture† and stated that â€Å"the world was new† to him and that he â€Å"had never seen anything like this at home. Not long after this he continues on and says that he â€Å"began to cease from nothing the glories and charms which the sun and the twilight wrought upon rivers face† and that â€Å"if that sunset scene had been repeated, I should have looked upon it without rapture†, this describes how he has lost all of the sense of beauty that the river had held during that sunset. He even says that at one time he altogether ceased to take notes of what he noticed on the river, which means that at one point he had completely lost interest in observing and learning about the river.This entire section is a complete contradiction to the previous section in which he described the beauty that the sunset held and how â€Å"a broad expansion of the river was turned to blood† to saying that none of that was correct that that â€Å"the romance and beauty were all gone from the river† and it was merely just all in all signs that a steamboat pilot needs to look out for when piloting a steam boat saying â€Å"all the value†¦was the amount of usefulness it could urnish toward compassing the safe piloting of a steamboat. † I believe that the river is a metaphor for all things that are l ost as time passes, because as the river lost its beauty to Twain, Twain also lost the whole hearted ambition that he had as a child to be a steamboat pilot. In the final paragraph of this excerpt Twain goes on to explain that all of the beauty that he had once seen in the river was nonexistent now.He then explains how he feels sorrow for everyone who has had all of the beauty they once saw in something simply fade away from them to where they ended simply in a routine-like life style like what Twain had happen to him. He finishes this passage with four rhetorical questions using a doctor, which I believe represents society, and a beautiful patient, which is representative of all the beautiful things in life, as an example asking if the doctor ever even notices the beauty in his patient or if he just works strictly in a professional, or routine, manner.He ends this excerpt with the most powerful question saying â€Å"and doesn’t he sometimes wonder whether he has gained most or lost most by learning his trade† it is in whole the message of this piece saying that someone may see beauty or enjoyment in certain aspects of life, but as you progress in gaining the knowledge and experience you lose your innocence and the beauty and enjoyment you had once seen fades to black and that passion becomes a task or a routine that you have to go through day after day; in a sense it is saying is it better to know few details and see the true beauty in things or would you rather understand all the details but see no romance or beauty? I believe that by this whole doctor scenario he actually asking does society even see the beauty in life or do they simply see what they need to see?Throughout this entire excerpt from his autobiographical piece Life on the Mississippi, Mark Twain talks about his life as a steamboat pilot on the Mississippi River, he talks about how he once saw such beauty and had so much fascination in the Mississippi River but as time progressed and he gained more and more knowledge and experience that beauty and wonderment he once saw began to disappear into just the things that became signs that he had to look for while piloting a steam boat just for safety. While doing this he has uses an extensive amount of rhetoric and figurative language to try to send a warning to his audience of the message that this piece holds. Twain uses this piece to warn his audience to the fact that as you gain knowledge on some aspect in your life you begin to lose your innocence, and with that loss of innocence something that may have once fascinated you so much may seem to lose the enjoyment it once held and eventually that part of your life will become simply a routine and machine-like habit.